Illinois Laws on Recording Police: Your Rights and Protections (2026)

Illinois law explicitly allows you to record police officers performing their public duties. The eavesdropping statute's affirmative-defense provision at 720 ILCS 5/14-2(e) protects recording on-duty officers because they hold no reasonable expectation of privacy in their official conduct, a right the First Amendment also protects.

The right to record police officers in Illinois has a turbulent legal history. Before 2014, Illinois had one of the harshest eavesdropping laws in the nation, and residents faced felony charges simply for recording police encounters. The Illinois Supreme Court struck down that law as unconstitutional in People v. Clark, 2014 IL 115776, and the replacement statute enacted in December 2014 explicitly legalized recording police and government officials performing public duties. Today, Illinois provides strong legal protections for individuals who record police activity.

The Legal Right to Record Police

The 2014 Reform

The current eavesdropping statute under 720 ILCS 5/14-2 was specifically drafted to protect the right to record police. Section 720 ILCS 5/14-2(e), added by P.A. 99-352 (eff. Jan. 1, 2016), states that nothing in the eavesdropping article prohibits a person who is not a law enforcement officer from recording a law enforcement officer performing official duties in a public place or in circumstances with no reasonable expectation of privacy, though an officer may take reasonable action to maintain safety and control, secure crime scenes and accident sites, protect the integrity and confidentiality of investigations, and protect public safety and order.

Recording State's Attorneys, judges, and other government officials performing their public duties is likewise generally lawful. That protection does not come from a provision naming them specifically; rather, a public official performing official duties has no reasonable expectation of privacy, so the conversation is not a private conversation under 720 ILCS 5/14-1(d) and the eavesdropping statute's private-conversation element is never met.

This exemption applies to both audio and video recording. You do not need to obtain consent from a police officer before recording their public activity.

Conditions for Lawful Recording

Your right to record police is protected when you meet these conditions:

1. The officer is performing public duties. This includes arrests, traffic stops, interactions with the public, crowd control, and any activity related to their official role.

2. You are in a place where you have a right to be. This means public sidewalks, parks, government buildings open to the public, your own property, and any location where you have lawful access.

3. You do not physically interfere with the officer's duties. You may record from a reasonable distance, but you cannot obstruct an arrest, block an officer's path, or physically intervene in police activity.

4. You are not trespassing on private property. Your right to record does not authorize entering private property without permission.

What "Physical Interference" Means

The non-interference requirement is the most commonly disputed aspect of recording police in Illinois. Courts evaluate interference based on the specific facts:

Not interference:

• Standing on a sidewalk and recording from a reasonable distance
• Recording from inside your vehicle during a traffic stop
• Recording from your porch or yard
• Holding up a phone to record without getting in the way
• Verbally asking questions while recording (without yelling or creating a disturbance)

May constitute interference:

• Moving into the path of an officer making an arrest
• Physically blocking a police vehicle
• Reaching toward an officer's equipment
• Refusing to move back when an officer establishes a safety perimeter at a crime scene
• Entering a restricted area at an active crime scene

The key standard is whether your recording activity physically impedes the officer from performing their duties. Simply recording from a reasonable vantage point does not constitute interference.

Before the 2014 Reform

The Old Eavesdropping Law

Illinois's pre-2014 eavesdropping law was one of the most restrictive in the country. It criminalized recording any conversation without all-party consent, with no exception for public conversations or police activity. The penalties were severe: recording a private citizen was a Class 4 felony, while recording a police officer was a Class 1 felony carrying 4 to 15 years in prison.

People v. Clark (2014)

The Illinois Supreme Court struck down the old statute in People v. Clark, finding it unconstitutionally overbroad under the First Amendment. The Court held that the law criminalized a substantial amount of protected speech and activity, including recording conversations with no privacy interest and documenting the actions of public officials.

The companion case, People v. Melongo, reinforced this holding. Together, these decisions eliminated the felony threat that had been used to suppress citizen recording of police.

The National Context

The right to record police is well-established in federal law. Multiple U.S. Courts of Appeals have recognized recording police as a First Amendment right, including the First, Third, Fifth, Seventh, Ninth, and Eleventh Circuits. The Seventh Circuit, which covers Illinois, is the controlling circuit and held in ACLU of Illinois v. Alvarez, 679 F.3d 583 (7th Cir. 2012), that the First Amendment protects openly recording police officers performing their duties in public places. Illinois later codified this right at 720 ILCS 5/14-2(e) (P.A. 99-352, eff. Jan. 1, 2016).

In 2012, the Department of Justice sent a letter to the Baltimore Police Department stating that individuals have a First Amendment right to record police officers in the public discharge of their duties. This position has been consistently maintained by the DOJ.

Body Camera Laws in Illinois

The Law Enforcement Officer-Worn Body Camera Act

Illinois enacted the Law Enforcement Officer-Worn Body Camera Act (50 ILCS 706) to regulate the use of body cameras by police officers. The Act establishes requirements for when officers must activate cameras, how footage is stored, and who can access recordings.

When Officers Must Activate Cameras

Under the Act, officers equipped with body cameras must activate them during:

• All law enforcement interactions with the public that occur during enforcement activities, including traffic stops, pedestrian stops, arrests, searches, and pursuits
• All interactions during response to calls for service
• Any encounter that becomes adversarial after initial contact

Officers may deactivate cameras during:

• Conversations with confidential informants
• Certain sensitive situations involving victims of sexual assault or domestic violence who request privacy
• Administrative and non-enforcement activities

Retention and Access

Body camera footage must be retained for a minimum period:

• General footage: 90 days minimum
• Footage flagged as evidence: Until the case is resolved, including all appeals
• Footage involving use of force, complaints, or arrests: Extended retention periods apply

Members of the public who are recorded by body cameras may request access to footage under the Illinois Freedom of Information Act (5 ILCS 140). However, certain exemptions allow law enforcement agencies to withhold footage in specific circumstances, such as ongoing criminal investigations.

SB 1796 and Body Camera Reforms

The Illinois General Assembly has continued to refine body camera requirements. Senate Bill 1796 in the 104th General Assembly proposed amendments to body camera activation requirements and footage retention standards. SB1796 was re-referred to Assignments on April 11, 2025, indicating it stalled in committee and was not enacted. It does not change current law.

What to Do When Recording Police

Practical Guidelines

When recording a police encounter in Illinois:

1. Stay calm and keep recording. You have the legal right to record.
2. Maintain a safe distance. Do not approach so closely that you interfere with the officer's activities.
3. Do not physically obstruct. Stay on the sidewalk, in your car, or in another safe location.
4. State your rights if questioned. You may calmly inform the officer that you have a legal right to record under Illinois law.
5. Do not resist if an officer unlawfully orders you to stop. Comply in the moment and seek legal recourse afterward. Resisting arrest adds criminal charges regardless of whether the underlying order was lawful.
6. Back up your footage. Use automatic cloud backup if available so that footage is preserved even if your device is seized.

If an Officer Orders You to Stop Recording

An officer who orders you to stop recording police activity in a public place is issuing an unlawful order. However, the practical reality is that refusing to comply may lead to arrest, even if the arrest is ultimately found to be unlawful. The safest approach:

• Calmly state that you believe you have a right to record
• If the officer insists, comply to avoid escalation
• Note the officer's name and badge number
• File a complaint with the police department's internal affairs division
• Contact an attorney about your options, including a civil rights lawsuit

If Your Device Is Seized

Police officers can often lawfully seize your recording device without a warrant, such as incident to an arrest or based on probable cause. What they generally cannot do without a warrant is search its digital contents: the U.S. Supreme Court held in Riley v. California (2014) that police need a warrant to search a cell phone's data, even after a lawful seizure. If an officer seizes your device:

• Do not physically resist the seizure
• State clearly that you do not consent to the seizure or search
• Note the time, location, and identifying details of the officer
• Contact an attorney immediately
• File a complaint with the department

Enhanced Penalties for Recording Private Police Communications

The Distinction Between Public and Private Police Activity

While recording police performing public duties is legal, unauthorized eavesdropping on private law enforcement communications carries enhanced penalties under 720 ILCS 5/14-4:

"Private law enforcement communications" includes internal police radio channels, confidential informant conversations, undercover operations, and non-public investigative discussions. The enhanced penalty reflects the state's interest in protecting the integrity of ongoing investigations.

The key distinction: recording what officers do and say in public is legal. Intercepting their private, internal communications without authorization is a serious felony.

Civil Rights Remedies

42 U.S.C. Section 1983 Claims

If a police officer violates your right to record by arresting you, seizing your device, or using force to stop you from recording, you may have a civil rights claim under 42 U.S.C. Section 1983. This federal statute allows individuals to sue government officials who violate their constitutional rights.

Potential claims include:

• First Amendment retaliation: Arresting or threatening someone for exercising their right to record
• Fourth Amendment seizure: Seizing a recording device without a warrant
• Fourth Amendment excessive force: Using force to stop lawful recording

Successful Section 1983 plaintiffs can recover compensatory damages, punitive damages, and attorney fees. Qualified immunity may shield officers from liability in some cases, but the right to record police is sufficiently well-established that qualified immunity defenses are becoming harder to sustain.

Filing Complaints

In addition to civil litigation, you can file complaints about officers who violate recording rights with:

• The police department's internal affairs division
• The Illinois Attorney General's office
• The U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
• Local civilian review boards (in jurisdictions that have them)

Recording at Public Meetings and Government Buildings

Open Meetings Act

The Illinois Open Meetings Act (5 ILCS 120) requires certain government meetings to be open to the public. Recording is generally permitted at:

• City council meetings
• County board meetings
• School board meetings
• Township meetings
• Park district meetings
• Other public government proceedings

Government bodies cannot prohibit recording at public meetings that are required to be open under the Act.

Courtroom Recording

Recording in Illinois courtrooms is subject to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 44, which generally restricts cameras in courtrooms (Rule 63 covered this before a December 2020 order moved the language to Rule 44). Permission from the presiding judge is typically required before recording any courtroom proceeding.

More Illinois Recording Laws

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