Waymo Accidents: Crash Data, Recalls and What to Do (2026)

Waymo and other robotaxi companies must report certain crashes to the federal government, and NHTSA publishes those reports each month. A report shows that a vehicle with an automated driving system engaged was involved in a crash, not that the vehicle caused it, so raw counts say little about fault or safety. If a robotaxi hits you, the steps are the same as in any collision: get safe, call 911 if anyone is hurt, document everything, and report the crash to the company.

Status in this article is current as of September 2026. NHTSA's latest public crash-data release lists reports received through August 17, 2026.

How many accidents has Waymo had?

There is no single reliable number. Any page that gives you one without a date, a source and a definition is misleading you, because three separate things get called "Waymo accidents":

• Crashes reported to NHTSA under the Standing General Order, which include crashes where the Waymo was struck by someone else.
• Crashes Waymo counts in its own safety analysis, which uses Waymo's chosen benchmarks and methods.
• Crashes that were actually the fault of the robotaxi, which no public dataset records. Fault is decided by police, insurers, courts or arbitrators, case by case.

The federal data is the best public starting point, and the sections below explain how to read it. Do not divide report counts by miles to produce your own crash rate. As the IIHS explains below, the public files do not give you the inputs to do that honestly.

What the NHTSA Standing General Order requires

NHTSA's Standing General Order 2021-01 is an order, not a regulation. It requires the manufacturers and operators named in and served with it to report certain crashes involving vehicles with an automated driving system (ADS) or a Level 2 driver-assistance system. It imposes no reporting obligation on individual consumers.

In NHTSA's own description, a crash is reportable when it happened on a publicly accessible road in the United States and the automated system was engaged at the time of the crash or within 30 seconds before it.

Reports come in two tiers:

The current version is the third amended order, which took effect with the reporting period that began June 16, 2025. It was written to cut duplicate and empty reports, so counts from before and after that date are not directly comparable. NHTSA says it is developing a proposed rule to codify the reporting requirements into its regulations.

For scale, NHTSA reported that from June 2025 through the end of 2025 it received reports of 517 alleged crashes involving ADS and 787 alleged crashes involving Level 2 driver assistance. NHTSA also said that its engagement with reporting companies, from the time the third amended order took effect through July 2026, contributed to the opening of seven formal investigations and prompted seven recalls.

For the federal framework behind this order, see our guide to federal self-driving car laws.

Where to find Waymo crash data, and how to read it

NHTSA publishes the reports as downloadable CSV files on its public website, with separate files for ADS crashes, Level 2 driver-assistance crashes and other reports. The ADS file covers Waymo, Zoox, Tesla's robotaxi operations and other companies, and it is released about monthly. The release NHTSA lists most recently covers reports received through August 17, 2026, and the data dictionary is dated September 15, 2026.

Each row includes the reporting company, report type, city and state, what the vehicle crashed with, the highest injury severity alleged, the investigating agency and a free-text narrative written by the company. Keep these limits in mind when you use it:

• Reports are not fault findings. NHTSA's own notes say the data may be incomplete or unverified.
• One crash can appear more than once. NHTSA's notes say the same crash may have multiple reports, and updates create additional versions of a report.
• Dates are month-level only. The incident date is reported in month-and-year format, so you cannot match a report to a specific day.
• Narratives are the company's account. The reporting company writes them, not NHTSA or police.
• Redactions are common. An entry marked as redacted means the company claimed the information is confidential business information. NHTSA states that this marking does not mean the agency has ruled on the claim.
• The files start where the current order starts. The current files cover reports from the third amended order forward. Earlier data is kept in NHTSA's archive section.

The narratives are worth reading. The two Waymo entries in the current ADS file that report a fatality both describe events involving another vehicle, according to Waymo's narratives. In one, a motorcyclist fell after contact with a Waymo and was then struck by a passing car that left the scene. In the other, an SUV struck a pedestrian and sent the pedestrian toward the Waymo. The report categories cannot tell you that. The narrative sometimes can, and even then it is the company's version.

What the company-reported and independent numbers say

Waymo's numbers. Waymo publishes a safety impact hub. It reports that through June 2026 it had driven 271.3 million rider-only miles, meaning miles without a human driver. The hub compares Waymo's crash rates with human benchmarks and says the results show its system avoids injury crashes and airbag-deployment crashes better than humans do.

Those are Waymo's statements and Waymo's methods. For example, its injury comparison applies a 32 percent underreporting adjustment to police-reported human injury crashes, based on a published study. Treat the hub as a primary source for what Waymo claims, not as a neutral audit.

The IIHS study. In July 2026 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety published research based on crash reports from 2021 through 2024 and about 50 million driverless miles. It found that per vehicle mile traveled, Waymo's driverless vehicles in San Francisco, Phoenix, Los Angeles and Austin were involved in 68 percent fewer crashes than human drivers overall. The Austin rate, from a small sample, was 4 percent higher. The sample was limited to crashes a person would typically report to the police.

IIHS also explained why the comparison is hard:

• Companies must report crashes but are not required to report their miles. IIHS notes that Waymo provides driverless mileage voluntarily and other companies do not.
• Human drivers do not report every crash. IIHS says around half of all crashes and a third of injury crashes go unreported.
• Until the 2025 amendment, automated-vehicle companies had to log minor incidents as crashes, such as a vehicle scraping its undercarriage turning into a parking lot.

IIHS President David Harkey said: "However, the present data collection system isn't good enough to allow continuous monitoring of a large-scale expansion." That sums up the evidence. The best available analysis found fewer police-reportable crashes per mile, and the same researchers warn that the data system cannot yet support continuous monitoring as service grows.

Waymo investigations, recalls and NTSB probes

Regulators look at patterns, not single crashes. The numbers below are as listed in NHTSA and NTSB records. A Preliminary Evaluation is an early-stage inquiry, not a finding that a defect exists. A recall is a company software update, not an admission of legal liability.

Open matters (as of September 2026)

NTSB says it is determining probable cause with the intent of issuing safety recommendations to prevent similar incidents. Neither investigation is finished.

Closed Waymo investigation

NHTSA opened Preliminary Evaluation PE24016 in May 2024 into Waymo's unexpected driving behavior. It identified 367 incidents, including 109 crashes. NHTSA closed the evaluation in July 2025 after Waymo's recalls 24E049 and 25E034, saying it would continue to monitor crash reports and other data.

Waymo recalls filed with NHTSA

Each recall below is a software update to Waymo's automated driving system. The dates are the report received dates NHTSA lists.

Other robotaxi companies file recalls too. Zoox, for example, filed recall 26E-044 in July 2026 for ADS software that may fail to detect heavy smoke. You can search recalls by company or vehicle for free on NHTSA's website.

Cruise: the enforcement history

Cruise shows what can happen when a company's crash reporting is itself the problem. On October 24, 2023, the California DMV suspended Cruise's autonomous vehicle deployment and driverless testing permits. Among other bases, the DMV cited that the vehicles were not safe for the public's operation and that Cruise had misrepresented information related to safety.

The federal case centered on the report. In November 2024 federal prosecutors in the Northern District of California charged Cruise by information with submitting a false report to impede a federal investigation, under 18 U.S.C. 1519. Under a deferred prosecution agreement filed November 15, 2024, Cruise agreed to pay a $500,000 criminal penalty. The agreement has a three-year term.

The agreement's statement of facts says the report Cruise sent NHTSA omitted that the vehicle had initiated a secondary movement and driven forward approximately 20 feet while dragging the woman underneath it.

NHTSA's investigation of Cruise, PE23018, ended in January 2025. NHTSA wrote that Cruise had ceased business operations and no versions of its automated driving system were operating on public roads. Cruise is gone, but the lesson is current: the reports in the public files depend on companies describing their own crashes completely and accurately.

What to do if you are hit by a robotaxi

The legal rules for a robotaxi collision are mostly the ordinary rules for any collision. Nothing here is legal advice, and details vary by state.

1. Get safe and call 911 if anyone is hurt. Waymo's own guidance for people involved in a collision with one of its vehicles says the same. It also notes that the vehicle may continue driving to reach a safe place to stop, and tells people to look for the dome light signal that shows the vehicle knows an event occurred.
2. Get a police report. Ask the responding officer to identify the vehicle as an automated vehicle in the report, and get the report or incident number. Follow your local rules for reporting a collision.
3. Photograph everything once it is safe. Capture the vehicle from all sides, its identifying marks and license plate, the fleet number or any visible ID, damage to all vehicles, the road, signals and signs, and your injuries. Robotaxis carry cameras and sensors, so also note nearby businesses or cameras that may have recorded the scene.
4. Identify the company and the vehicle. Write down the plate, any fleet ID, the location and the time. Get names and contact details for witnesses.
5. Report it to the company. Waymo's help page for people involved in a collision lists a phone line (1-844-263-9885), an online collision form, a QR code on the front doors and insurance@waymo.com. Waymo says its risk and insurance team reviews every collision. Keep what you say factual, and do not speculate about fault.
6. Get medical care and keep the records. Even minor pain can be the start of a real injury. Keep every bill, visit summary and receipt.
7. Notify your own insurer. Check your policy for the notice deadline and for coverage that applies if the other party is a company fleet.
8. Preserve evidence. Save texts, emails, photos, app screens and ride receipts. If you were a passenger, keep your ride history. Do not repair your vehicle before it has been documented. Ask the company in writing to preserve its vehicle data and video for your crash; a lawyer can send a formal preservation letter.
9. Watch the deadlines. Filing deadlines differ by state. See our statute of limitations guide for your state's period, and remember that a contract you accepted as a rider may set a shorter one (see below).

If you were riding in the robotaxi

Passengers face different rules than pedestrians, cyclists or other drivers, because riders accepted the company's terms of service. Waymo's terms, in the version last updated September 22, 2026, say:

• Arbitration. Disputes are resolved through confidential, binding individual arbitration with JAMS rather than in court, and not as a class action. If the rider starts the arbitration, the rider pays JAMS filing fees up to $250 and Waymo pays the other JAMS costs. Each side pays its own lawyer.
• One-year bar. Any demand for arbitration must be made within one year of discovery of the claim, "otherwise, the claim is permanently barred."
• Opt-out. A rider may opt out of binding arbitration within 30 days of first accepting the terms by emailing the address the terms specify. After that, the opportunity is gone.
• Exceptions. Two kinds of claims are not required to go to arbitration: small-claims disputes in the county of the rider's billing address, and a rider's individual claim arising from sexual assault, or unwelcome sexual behavior directed at the rider, by a Waymo agent or employee.

These are the company's terms, not a statement of what a court or arbitrator would enforce against an injury claim. If you were injured as a rider, do not assume the arbitration clause or the one-year period ends the analysis, and do not assume it does not. Get advice quickly, because the one-year clock in the terms may be shorter than your state's deadline for injury claims.

Waymo also states that it provides limited medical coverage for its riders regardless of who is at fault. That is a company statement, and the company sets its scope.

Who pays for a robotaxi crash

Who is responsible depends on the facts. The robotaxi company, the vehicle's manufacturer, another driver or a city that maintained a dangerous road can all be part of a claim.

Arizona and Florida treat an engaged automated system as the driver or operator for traffic-law purposes. Texas words its rule more broadly: its statute says the engaged system is the operator of the vehicle, including for purposes of assessing compliance with traffic laws, and directs traffic citations to the owner or authorization holder. None of these provisions says who owes damages after a crash. Ordinary negligence and product-liability law still apply, and state insurance requirements determine how much financial backing a claim can reach. For the full breakdown by level of automation, state and party, read who is liable in a self-driving car accident.

Tickets are a separate question. Whether police can cite a driverless vehicle, and who receives the citation, is covered in can a self-driving car get a ticket. If your crash involved a driver-assist car like Tesla Autopilot or Full Self-Driving rather than a driverless robotaxi, see Tesla Autopilot and FSD lawsuits. For general collision guidance, see the car accident hub, and for the wider legal picture, the self-driving car laws hub.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many accidents has Waymo had?

No source gives a single reliable number. NHTSA publishes crash reports from Waymo and other companies under its Standing General Order, and its latest release lists reports received through August 17, 2026. Those reports include crashes where the Waymo was struck by another vehicle. NHTSA says the data may be incomplete or unverified and the same crash may have multiple reports. Counts before and after June 16, 2025 are not directly comparable because the reporting rules changed.

What is the Waymo accident rate?

Waymo publishes its own comparisons, which are company-reported and rely on Waymo's chosen human benchmarks. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reported in July 2026, using 2021 to 2024 crash reports, that per vehicle mile Waymo's driverless vehicles in four cities were involved in 68 percent fewer police-reportable crashes than human drivers. IIHS also warned that the current data system cannot support continuous monitoring as service expands. A rate needs both crash and mileage data, so do not compute one from report counts alone.

Does a crash report mean Waymo caused the accident?

No. A report to NHTSA means a vehicle with an automated driving system was involved in a qualifying crash. Fault is decided by police, insurers, courts or arbitrators. Some reported crashes started with another driver or vehicle.

What is the NHTSA Standing General Order?

It is an order requiring named manufacturers and operators of automated driving system and Level 2 driver-assistance vehicles to report qualifying crashes to NHTSA. Serious crashes are due within five days, and other ADS crashes are due monthly. It places no reporting duty on individual drivers or riders.

Is Waymo under investigation?

As of September 2026, NHTSA has two open Preliminary Evaluations of Waymo: PE25013 on passing stopped school buses, and PE26001 on a vehicle striking a child near a Santa Monica school. The NTSB has open investigations of related incidents: a Waymo passing a stopped school bus in Austin (HWY26FH007) and the Santa Monica crash (HWY26FH008). These are inquiries, not findings of fault.

What should I do if a Waymo hits me?

Get to a safe place and call 911 if anyone is hurt. Photograph the scene, the vehicle and any visible ID, get a police report number, collect witness details and notify the company. Waymo's help page lists a phone line, an online collision form and an insurance email address for people involved in a collision. Keep records and check your filing deadline.

Can I sue Waymo if I was a passenger?

Waymo's terms of service, last updated September 22, 2026, say disputes go to binding individual arbitration, and a demand for arbitration must be made within one year of discovery of the claim, unless the rider opted out within 30 days of accepting the terms. Small-claims disputes and individual claims arising from sexual assault, or unwelcome sexual behavior directed at the rider, by a Waymo agent or employee are exempt from arbitration. Whether those terms would be enforced against a particular injury claim is a legal question for a lawyer.

Who pays if a robotaxi hits me?

It depends on who is legally responsible and on the insurance behind that party. State rules that treat the automated system as the driver or operator do not themselves say who owes damages, so damages claims still run through negligence and product-liability law. See our liability guide for the breakdown.

Where can I look up a robotaxi recall?

NHTSA's recall database is searchable by manufacturer and vehicle. Companies file recalls of automated driving systems as software recalls, for example Waymo campaign 25E-084 on stopped school buses.