Michigan E-Scooter Laws: Sidewalk, Helmet & Age Rules (2026)

This article is general information about Michigan e-scooter laws and is not legal advice. If you were cited or injured while riding, consult a Michigan attorney or check your municipality's current ordinance directly. Information last verified on 7 September 2026.

Are e-scooters legal in Michigan?

Yes, but Michigan's vehicle code does not use the term "electric scooter" at all. What most people mean by an e-scooter, a stand-up device with a floorboard and handlebars, is legally classified as an "electric skateboard" under MCL 257.13f, with a handlebar-equipped version treated as a variant of that same category rather than as its own vehicle type. This naming choice surprises a lot of readers, but it is the actual statutory term Michigan uses, and it is the label to search for if you want to look up the law yourself.

What counts as an e-scooter in Michigan

MCL 257.13f defines an electric skateboard as "a wheeled device that has a floorboard designed to be stood upon when riding that is no more than 60 inches long and 18 inches wide, is designed to transport only 1 person at a time, has an electrical propulsion system with power of no more than 2,500 watts, and has a maximum speed on a paved level surface of not more than 25 miles per hour." The device may have handlebars and may combine electric and human propulsion. A standard rental or personal kick scooter with handlebars and a throttle fits this definition as an "electric skateboard equipped with handlebars."

Where you can ride

MCL 257.660 sets the device speed cap at 25 mph, but the road you can legally use depends on whether your device has handlebars, and the two speed-related numbers here should not be confused with each other:

• An electric skateboard without handlebars cannot be operated on a highway or street with a posted speed limit above 25 mph, except to cross it.
• An electric skateboard with handlebars, meaning the typical stand-up scooter shape, cannot be operated on a highway or street with a posted speed limit above 45 mph, except to cross it.

So a handlebar scooter gets a materially higher road-speed-limit ceiling than a non-handlebar board, even though both device types share the same 25 mph top speed. Riders must stay near the right side of the roadway, and on a sidewalk must yield to pedestrians and give an audible signal before passing.

Local authority matters here too. Under MCL 257.660(12), the governing body of a county, city, village, or township may by ordinance regulate the operation of electric skateboards on sidewalks, highways, streets, or crosswalks within its jurisdiction, and may prohibit them outright in an area open to pedestrian traffic adjacent to a waterfront, on a trail under its jurisdiction, in a downtown or central business district, or on a street that includes streetcar tracks. Signs indicating the regulation must be conspicuously posted where it applies.

Three further restrictions sit in the statute itself and need no local ordinance at all:

• MCL 257.660(13): Operating an electric skateboard is prohibited in a special charter city and in a state park under the jurisdiction of the Mackinac Island State Park Commission. This is a flat statewide ban, not a power a locality has to exercise first.
• MCL 257.660(14): Operation may be prohibited in a historic district.
• MCL 257.660(15): The Department of Natural Resources may by order regulate the use of electric skateboards on all lands under its control.

Rider rules

• Age: No one under 12 may operate an electric skateboard on a public highway or street, under MCL 257.658(9).
• Helmet: Anyone under 19 operating an electric skateboard must wear a crash helmet, under MCL 257.658(4). Helmets must be approved by the Michigan Department of State Police under MCL 257.658(6). This age-19 helmet floor is notably higher than the under-18 or under-16 rules some neighboring states use.
• Passengers: An electric skateboard cannot carry more than one person at a time, under MCL 257.658(3).
• License, registration, insurance: None of the three is required. MCL 257.33 expressly states that "motor vehicle" does not include an electric skateboard, and Michigan's registration and title requirement in MCL 257.216 and its operator's license requirement in MCL 257.301 both reach motor vehicles only. No-fault security under MCL 500.3101 is owed by the owner or registrant of a motor vehicle required to be registered in Michigan, which an electric skateboard is not.

Lights, reflectors, and brakes

Michigan's equipment rule for these devices is MCL 257.662, and it names the electric skateboard directly.

• Night riding: An electric skateboard operated on a roadway between 1/2 hour after sunset and 1/2 hour before sunrise must be equipped with a lamp on the front that emits a white light visible from at least 500 feet ahead, plus a red reflector on the rear visible from 100 feet to 600 feet behind when caught by a vehicle's lower beams. A red rear lamp visible from 500 feet may be added, but it does not replace the required reflector.
• Stopping: MCL 257.662(3) requires an electric skateboard to enable the operator to bring it to a controlled stop.

Riding at night without the required lamp and reflector is a civil infraction under MCL 257.662(6), which is a ticket rather than a misdemeanor.

Penalties

MCL 257.660 does not attach a penalty of its own to the e-scooter operating rules, so the Michigan Vehicle Code's general default takes over. Under MCL 257.901(1), it is a misdemeanor to violate the code unless the violation is declared by law to be a felony or a civil infraction. MCL 257.901(2) then sets the punishment, absent another penalty in the act: a fine of not more than $100.00, imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or both.

Nothing in MCL 257.660 declares its violations civil infractions, so that misdemeanor default is what governs the riding rules. The contrast is visible one section over: MCL 257.662(6) expressly makes a lighting and reflector violation a civil infraction, which is exactly the kind of declaration MCL 257.660 lacks.

A local ordinance adopted under a county, city, village, or township's regulatory authority can carry its own separate penalty schedule on top of the state default.

Enforcement in practice

Enforcement of Michigan's road-speed-limit, age, and helmet rules is a local police matter, and how actively they are enforced can vary a great deal by community. Enforcement patterns do not change what the statute requires, and the absence of visible ticketing in a given area does not mean the rule does not apply there.

Detroit e-scooter rules

Detroit has hosted shared e-scooter programs, but the city's current scooter ordinance could not be reached from an official City of Detroit source for this page, so no Detroit-specific figures are stated here.

The framework around it is clear enough. Under MCL 257.660(12), Detroit may regulate electric skateboard use on its sidewalks, streets, and crosswalks by ordinance, and may prohibit it in areas such as a downtown or central business district, a waterfront pedestrian area, a city trail, or a street with streetcar tracks, with signs posted where the rule applies. Separately, a shared-scooter company's permit terms and in-app geofencing can restrict where a rental scooter will operate at all, which is a contractual limit rather than a legal one. What does not change is the state floor: the age-12 minimum and the under-19 helmet requirement in MCL 257.658 apply in Detroit whether or not the city restates them. Check the City of Detroit's own current rules, and the operator's app terms if you are riding a rental, before riding downtown.

If a crash involving an e-scooter happens on a Michigan road, ordinary negligence law and, where alcohol or drugs are involved, DUI law can still apply. See RecordingLaw's Michigan DUI Laws and Michigan Car Accident Laws pages for more, and RecordingLaw's E-Scooter Laws by State hub to compare Michigan with other states.