Defamation Laws
Morocco Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Morocco defamation is civil and criminal. The 2016 Press Code (Law 88-13) made press defamation fine-only; the Penal Code keeps prison offences.
7 min read
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Defamation Laws
Malaysia Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Malaysia is both civil (Defamation Act 1957) and criminal (Penal Code ss.499-502, up to 2 years), with online cases under CMA section 233.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Kuwait Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Kuwait is both civil and criminal: Penal Code articles 209-210 and Cybercrime Law No. 63 of 2015 for online insult and slander.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Jordan Defamation Laws: Criminal, Cyber & Civil
Defamation in Jordan is mainly criminal under the Penal Code (No. 16 of 1960) and the harsh 2023 Cybercrime Law, with limited civil compensation available.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Israel Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Israel is both a civil wrong and a crime under the Prohibition of Defamation Law, 5725-1965, with damages available without proof of harm.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Iran Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Iran defamation is mainly criminal. The Islamic Penal Code punishes defamation, qazf, and insult; the Press and Computer Crimes laws add offences.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Iceland Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Iceland defamation is both criminal, under General Penal Code Articles 234 to 237, and civil, with damages available under the Tort Damages Act.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Ghana Defamation Laws: Civil Only, After 2001 Repeal
Defamation in Ghana is civil only: Parliament repealed criminal libel and sedition in 2001 (Act 602), so libel and slander are now common-law tort claims.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Egypt Defamation Laws: Criminal, Civil & Cyber
Defamation in Egypt is both criminal (Penal Code arts 302-308) and civil, with online liability under the 2018 Cybercrime Law and the 2018 Media Law.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Cyprus Defamation Laws: Civil Liability & Defences
In Cyprus defamation is a civil matter only; criminal libel was abolished in 2003, and claims now proceed under the Civil Wrongs Law, Cap 148.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Costa Rica Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Costa Rica is both a crime (Penal Code arts 145-152: injuria, difamacion, calumnia) and a civil matter, but prison was abolished in 2010.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
China Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in China is both civil (Civil Code arts. 1024-1025) and criminal (Criminal Law art. 246, up to 3 years), with 2013 online thresholds.
7 min read