Italy Laws
GDPR in Italy: How the Codice Privacy and the Garante Fit Together
How GDPR works in Italy: the Codice Privacy amendment, the Garante's role, and the genuinely Italian rules on minors, deceased persons and workplace monitoring.
9 min read
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Italy Laws
Filing a Defamation Querela in Italy: Deadline, Procedure and What Happens Next
How to file a querela for diffamazione in Italy: the three month deadline under art. 124 c.p., where to file under art. 337 c.p.p., evidence, and remissione.
9 min read
Italy Laws
The Garante Privacy: Italy's Data Protection Authority and How to Complain
How to file a reclamo with the Garante, Italy’s data protection authority: what it can and cannot do, the reclamo vs segnalazione vs ricorso distinction, and GDPR fine ceilings.
10 min read
Italy Laws
Licenziamento Illegittimo: Categories of Unlawful Dismissal in Italy
Licenziamento illegittimo: the difference between a void, an ineffective and an unjustified dismissal, the judge set indemnity band since Corte Cost. 194/2018, and how impugnazione actually works.
10 min read
Italy Laws
Italian Severance Pay (TFR): How It Accrues and How It Is Calculated
TFR explained with a full worked example: the divide by 13,5 formula, ISTAT revaluation, where the money is held (azienda, pension fund or INPS), and how the anticipazione advance works.
12 min read
Italy Laws
How to Calculate TFR in Italy: Formula, Worked Examples and Reading Your Payslip
TFR calcolo, step by step: how to work the divide by 13,5 formula for a partial year, a mid-year hire, and a pay rise, then check the accantonamento on your own busta paga.
10 min read
Italy Laws
Resigning From a Job in Italy: The Online Procedure, the Deadline and Your Benefits
How to resign from an Italian job through the mandatory online dimissioni procedure, the 7-day revocation window, and the 2025 rule that can cost you your NASpI unemployment benefit.
12 min read
Italy Laws
Notice Periods When Resigning in Italy (Preavviso): How Long and What Happens If You Leave Early
Italian resignation notice periods (preavviso) are set by your CCNL, not by statute. How to find your own figure, what an unworked notice costs you, and the giusta causa exception.
11 min read
Italy Laws
Dismissal in Italy: Grounds, Procedure and What a Worker Can Challenge
Licenziamento: the three lawful grounds for dismissal in Italy, the two indemnity regimes by hire date, and the strict deadlines to challenge one, with worked examples.
12 min read
Italy Laws
Dismissal for Just Cause (Giusta Causa) in Italy: What Counts and What Procedure Applies
Licenziamento per giusta causa: what conduct meets Italy's highest dismissal threshold, the mandatory art. 7 disciplinary procedure that must come first, and what a defective procedure does to an otherwise valid dismissal.
12 min read
Italy Laws
Lettera di Richiamo: How a Disciplinary Warning Works in Italy
Lettera di richiamo explained: the contestazione and five day wait art. 7 requires, how to respond, the 20 day conciliazione route, and why a defective warning can fail even if the conduct was real.
9 min read
Belgium Laws
Enregistrer une conversation en Belgique : la règle du participant, la doctrine Antigoon et le Code pénal de 2026
La règle belge sur l'enregistrement des conversations : l'article 314bis du Code pénal, l'exception du participant, la doctrine Antigoon sur la preuve illégale, et ce qui change le 1er septembre 2026.
11 min read