Rhode Island Expungement Laws: First Offender, Felony & 2022 Cannabis Rules

Rhode Island allows eligible residents to expunge criminal records under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-1 et seq., with separate tracks for first-offense misdemeanors, first-offense non-violent felonies, multiple misdemeanors, and automatic expungement of marijuana possession offenses decriminalized after the date of conviction. Non-conviction records are handled outside chapter 12-1.3, under § 12-1-12 and § 12-1-12.1.

Information last verified on May 29, 2026. This article has not yet been reviewed by a licensed attorney.

Jurisdiction scope: This article covers Rhode Island state law only. For a comparison across all states, see Expungement Laws by State.

Who Qualifies as a First Offender in Rhode Island

Rhode Island's primary expungement statute applies to a "first offender," a term defined in R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-1. A first offender is a person who was convicted of a felony or misdemeanor and who, at the time of that conviction, had no prior convictions and had not been placed on probation for a prior offense. The person must also have no criminal proceedings currently pending against them at the time they file a petition for expungement. If a person was previously convicted of any offense, or was ever placed on probation, they do not meet the first-offender definition under § 12-1.3-1 and cannot use the standard first-offender pathway under § 12-1.3-2(a). This strict definition means that a prior youthful offender adjudication or even a prior deferred sentence accepted and completed could affect eligibility, and petitioners should verify their full record history before filing.

Waiting Periods for First-Offense Misdemeanors and Felonies

Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-2(c), a first offender convicted of a misdemeanor must wait five years from the date of completion of their sentence before filing a motion for expungement. Under § 12-1.3-2(d), a first offender convicted of a felony must wait ten years from sentence completion. "Completion of sentence" includes the end of any probationary period, not simply the discharge date from incarceration. To qualify at the time of the hearing, the petitioner must show that, in the preceding five years (for misdemeanors) or ten years (for felonies), they have not been convicted of or arrested for any felony or misdemeanor, that no criminal proceedings are pending, and that they have exhibited good moral character under § 12-1.3-3. Crimes of violence as listed in § 12-1.3-1, including murder, manslaughter, first-degree arson, kidnapping with intent to extort, robbery, burglary, and first- and second-degree sexual assault, are excluded from the first-offender pathway regardless of how much time has passed (§ 12-1.3-2(a)).

Multiple Misdemeanor Pathway

Rhode Island law also provides a separate pathway for persons who are not first offenders but who have a limited misdemeanor history. Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-2(b), a person with more than one misdemeanor conviction but fewer than six misdemeanor convictions, and who has never been convicted of a felony, may petition to expunge those misdemeanor records. The waiting period for this pathway is ten years from the completion of the last sentence in the series (§ 12-1.3-2(f)). During those ten years the person must not have been convicted of or arrested for any felony or misdemeanor and must have no pending criminal proceedings. Section 12-1.3-2(b) excludes two categories of conviction from this pathway: offenses under chapter 29 of title 12, which is the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, and DUI offenses under § 31-27-2 and § 31-27-2.1. Note that chapter 29 of title 12 is the domestic violence chapter, not the controlled substances chapter, which is chapter 28 of title 21. This track expanded access to expungement for people whose records were not clean enough to qualify as a first offender but who had limited misdemeanor histories.

Automatic Expungement of Marijuana Possession Records

Rhode Island enacted R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-5 as part of the Rhode Island Cannabis Act, which took effect on May 25, 2022, with amendments through June 28, 2022. The statute provides automatic expungement, without any petition required, for any person with a prior civil violation, misdemeanor, or felony conviction for possession only of a marijuana offense that was subsequently decriminalized. The courts were required to complete all eligible expungements by July 1, 2024. Where documentation of the offense did not specify quantity, the law presumes the amount was two ounces or less. The statute waives all court costs for the expungement process and waives any outstanding fines, fees, costs, assessments, or charges related to the eligible conviction. Persons who were incarcerated for marijuana possession have all court costs waived automatically. Under § 12-1.3-5(g)(1), this expungement is granted notwithstanding prior arrests, convictions, or civil adjudications, including convictions for crimes of violence as defined by § 12-1.3-1, so the crime-of-violence bar that applies to the first-offender pathway does not block a marijuana-possession expungement. Individuals who wanted their records cleared before the court-initiated deadline could submit a written request for an expedited process (§ 12-1.3-5).

Non-Conviction Records and Deferred Sentences

Rhode Island treats non-conviction records separately from conviction expungements, and under a different statute: chapter 12-1.3 governs expungement of convictions, while sealing of non-conviction records is governed by R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1-12 and § 12-1-12.1. Under § 12-1-12.1(a), cases dismissed under District Court Rule of Criminal Procedure 48(a) on or after January 1, 2023 are sealed automatically, not less than ten and not more than twenty days after the dismissal, with no motion required. Dismissals entered before that date are sealed through administrative action by the court clerk at the defendant's request. A person acquitted or otherwise exonerated on all counts, or whose case ended in a dismissal outside subsection (a), a no true bill, or a no information, may petition the court for sealing under § 12-1-12.1(b), serving notice on the Attorney General and the originating police department at least ten days before the hearing. Section 12-1-12 separately directs that fingerprints, photographs, measurements, and identification records be destroyed and court records placed under seal following an acquittal, dismissal, no true bill, no information, or other exoneration. Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-2(e), persons who successfully completed a deferred sentence under § 12-19-19 may move for expungement upon completion of the deferred sentence agreement, without any additional waiting period, except that § 12-1.3-3(b)(1)(ii) bars a person convicted of a crime of violence from expunging deferred-sentence records. The deferred sentence pathway requires a separate hearing under § 12-19-19(c).

The Court Filing Process

To seek expungement under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-3, a petitioner files a motion in the court where the original conviction was entered, which may be the Superior Court, District Court, or Family Court depending on the underlying case. The Rhode Island Judiciary provides separate forms for felony expungement motions (Superior Court) and misdemeanor expungement motions (District Court), available through the courts.ri.gov forms search. At least ten days before the scheduled hearing, the petitioner must serve notice on the Office of the Attorney General and the police department that brought the original charges. At the hearing, the court considers all relevant testimony and information, and must find that the petitioner has demonstrated rehabilitation to the court's satisfaction, that no criminal proceedings are pending, that the petitioner has exhibited good moral character, and that expungement is consistent with the public interest (§ 12-1.3-3). The court must also find that all financial obligations have been satisfied or waived. If the motion is granted, the clerk prepares three certified copies of the expungement order for the petitioner, the Attorney General's Bureau of Criminal Identification, and the charging police department. There is no filing fee for the expungement motion itself under current Rhode Island law.

Effect of an Expungement Order

Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-1.3-4, a person whose record is expunged is released from all penalties and disabilities resulting from the conviction. In most employment and licensing contexts, the person may lawfully state that they have never been convicted of the expunged offense. However, full disclosure is still required in several contexts: applications for positions with law enforcement agencies, applications for admission to the Rhode Island bar, applications for teaching or coaching certificates, and applications for positions at early childhood education facilities (§ 12-1.3-4). Expunged records may also be disclosed to sentencing courts if the person is convicted of a subsequent offense, and to bar admission and professional fitness committees (§ 12-1.3-4). Willful wrongful disclosure of expunged records by a custodian subjects that custodian to civil liability under § 12-1.3-4.

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Disclaimer: This article describes Rhode Island expungement law as verified on May 29, 2026, and is provided for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. Expungement eligibility depends on the specific facts of your record. Consult a licensed Rhode Island attorney before filing any motion.

Related Articles

• Expungement Laws by State
• DUI Expungement by State
• How to Check If Your Record Has Been Expunged

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RecordingLaw.com provides general legal information, not legal advice. Laws change; always verify current statutes and consult a licensed Rhode Island attorney for guidance specific to your situation.

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