Netherlands Laws
VOG Lookback Periods 2026: The Terugkijktermijn Table Explained
How far back Justis looks for a VOG in 2026: the four year standard in paragraaf 3.1.1, the exceptions it actually names, and a worked example with dates.
18 min read
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Netherlands Laws
Background Checks in the Netherlands: How the VOG System Works
How Dutch background checks work: Justis, the Wjsg, the two part refusal test, the 2026 fees and the objection route, all from primary sources.
11 min read
Netherlands Laws
How to Apply for a VOG in the Netherlands: Routes, Costs and Timing (2026)
How a VOG application works in 2026: why the organisation starts it, the digital and gemeente routes, EUR 33.85 and EUR 41.35, and the real deadlines.
12 min read
Netherlands Laws
Dutch Criminal Records: Strafblad, the JDS and What Is Registered
What a Dutch strafblad really is: the justitiële documentatie held in the JDS, what gets registered, how long it stays, and how to ask to see it.
16 min read
Netherlands Laws
Certificate of Good Conduct (VOG): What It Declares and When It Is Refused
What a Dutch VOG declares under artikel 28 Wjsg, what Justis reads, the objective and subjective refusal test, and the bezwaar and beroep route.
12 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Capsicum Spray and Taser Laws in Australia: Why WA Is the Exception (2026)
Capsicum spray is a prohibited weapon in most of Australia. Western Australia is the exception since a 2024 law change. Tasers remain banned for civilians everywhere, including WA. Verified July 2026.
9 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Prohibited Weapons in Australia: How Classification Works by State (2026)
Every Australian jurisdiction keeps its own list of prohibited weapons, separate from firearms licence categories. Learn how classification works, verified July 2026.
7 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Police Wanding Powers in Australia: NSW's Designated Areas and Queensland's Jack's Law (2026)
NSW and Queensland both allow police to use a hand-held scanner without a warrant. The two schemes work differently. Verified July 2026.
7 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Knife Laws in Australia: New South Wales and Victoria (2026)
Carrying a knife without a reasonable or lawful excuse is an offence in NSW and Victoria. This page covers what has been verified in both states; other jurisdictions are not addressed here.
7 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Weapons Law in Australia by State: Firearms, Self-Defence Items and Prohibited Weapons (2026)
Self-defence is not a valid reason for a firearms licence anywhere in Australia. Compare firearms, capsicum spray, knife and prohibited-weapons law across all eight states and territories, verified July 2026.
12 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Firearms Licensing in Western Australia: The New Firearms Act 2024 (2026)
Western Australia replaced its 1973 Firearms Act with the Firearms Act 2024, which expressly bars licensing a firearm for personal protection. It is also the only state to permit capsicum spray for defence. Verified July 2026.
7 min read
Australia Weapons Law
Firearms Licensing in Victoria: Categories, Genuine Reasons and Storage (2026)
Victoria runs its own longarm category system, separate from NSW's, plus a closed list of genuine reasons that has never included self-defence. Verified July 2026.
7 min read